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Mark Hall's picture
Mark Hall

On the Mark

Offshore R&D to India, everyone else is

Forget your anachronistic attitudes about offshore workers in India. The engineering and computer science talent there are not just handling first- or second-level technical support calls or testing code written in the U.S. or Europe. They are doing the fundamental research and development for the next generation of IT tools destined for your data center.

According to research released today by Zinnov LLC of Bangalore, R&D in India is worth an impressive $9.3 billion this year and in 2012 will jump to $21.4 billion. Granted, compared to the $367 billion said to be spent in the U.S. on all forms of R&D in 2008, this may seem slight, but the paltry low and shrinking, single-digit growth in the U.S. versus the 23% growth rate for IT R&D in India is telling.

Vamsee Tirukkala, managing principal at Zinnov, says that the vast majority of the R&D done in India is destined for export because the IT market there is "not huge." He also points out that of the 250,000 Indians working in R&D, 140,000 of them work directly for multinational companies like IBM and Microsoft.

Tirukkala says the 594 R&D centers scattered around India, up from 181 in 2000, represent a significant shift in the IT tasks being done there. "The work in India has moved up the value chain," he concludes.

As such, cost is no longer the primary driver behind companies moving work to India. And that's a good thing, too, as employee costs have been rising 16.2% between 2005-2007. However, Tirukkala observes, that wage inflation is from a much, much lower base. He estimates an R&D engineer in India earns average $44,000, while in the U.S. it is about three times that amount.

One thing India lacks, Tirukkala says is an entrepreneurial culture and infrastructure, especially the absence of a vibrant venture capital community. That's why so many Indian entrepreneurs arrive on these shores to build their businesses.

However, Tirukkala says that over the years as many as 30,000 ex-pat Indians have returned home flush with experience and, many times, success at building not just products but companies abroad. And, in time, their experience could kickstart entrepreneurialism there, too.

What People Are Saying

Watch out for the hidden costs!!

The company that I work for as well as a couple of others that colleagues work at have done just that - offshored development to India. With nearly disasterous results. The worker cost seems to be all that anyone ever looks at. "There are so many skilled workers and they are so cheap!" The problems that no one considers or considers carefully enough until it is too late are the costs involved with infrastructure, communications and quality assurance. Indians may speak English but they often speak with an impenetrable accent that is compounded by noisy communications lines. Communications issues directly lead to quality issues that result in the average Indian developed product taking twice as much time or twice as many resources as a comparable US based project. And sending US resources to India to ensure they are properly trained on technlogy specific to your product and processes specific to your organization are often unbudgeted recurring costs as well. On top of that, the rapid growth of the tech industry is resulting in resource churn (people job hopping to cash in on the next bigger paycheck), which means that you may get everyone trained this month and have to do it all over again next month with a whole new group of resources. All of these issues level the costs with or even make using US based workers more cost effective. I strongly suggest you look before you leap. Just because columns like this suggest "everyone else is doing it" and "why wouldn't you" - believe me, there are plenty of reasons why not.

Had the same experience

I just finished helping ABN AMRO sell itself to Bank of America and Royal Bank of Scotland. Both banks rely heavily on Infosys developers in India.

The impenetrable accents, the horrible phone lines, the lack of basic computer skills, all pushed every project's completion date later and later and later.

And the resource churn was insane. We would take about 60 days to get Infosys people trained to do their jobs, and then 30 days later, a whole new crew would show up with blank stares and no turnover documents from the previous crew. In the past 3 years my team has trained more than 12 complete sets of Infosys developers how to do basic IT work. I often wonder where they get their people -- do they pull them off of farms, or something? The questions I used to get were just insane. How do I ping? How do I telnet? How do I FTP? How do I write a shell script? Or better yet, my all-time favorite -- you have to write JCL for me, you have to write a shell script for me, etc. etc.

Just insane.

I'm not particularly worried

Put frankly, another way of reading this is that India's days are numbered....in very small numbers - read 5-6.

If salaries are exploding at 10-15 (or 16.2%) per year, you reach something like parity in about 5 years.

At which point , the previously mentioned logistical and managerial overhead becomes a negative factor.

Coupled with the significant national disinterest I suspect the serious R&D will stay right where it is.

I've worked with dozens of offshoring and overseas initiatives and there is another factor that's - not mentioned and is directly related to the increasing salary problem.

Skillset devaluation, multi-skill employees already command premium salaries both here and there, so the R&D tech that is at 44k is already undervalued - even for India.

The broad trend in management - in both China and India is to purposefully pigeonhole staff, keeping breadth of skills minimized, constraining resources so individuals CAN'T command better salaries, this delays the inevitable but causes and obvious host of problems.

For my money, and anyone else seeking a career in the IT field, it's both a rewarding and worthwhile career choice, but your skills must be up to date and you will always be re-learning material every few years. While that is a challenge, the upside is that your chosen career will always be in demand.