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Preston Gralla's picture
Preston Gralla

Seeing Through Windows

Why Linux is like Lotus 1-2-3

Old-timers may remember when Lotus 1-2-3 ruled computing --- it was the world's premier spreadsheet, and by itself was responsible for many PCs being snuck into enterprises for the first time. But Lotus 1-2-3 has practically vanished from sight, and the reason why may disturb many fans of Linux.

Lotus 1-2-3 was released in early 1983, and quickly became dominant, far outselling the previous spreadsheet market leader VisiCalc. It ran, like virtually every other piece of software in those days, on DOS.

Microsoft at the time also sold a spreadsheet, called Multiplan. Rumor has it that a few people actually bought a copy. I never met anyone who did, though --- or at least admitted to it.

If you told anyone at the time that Microsoft would one day own the world's best-selling spreadsheet, and Lotus 1-2-3 be used by fewer people than live in Wasilla, Alaska, they would have most likely asked whether you had forgotten to take your medication that day.

So what happened? How did Excel become completely dominant, while Lotus 1-2-3 lost its entire market?

First, Windows happened. People forget Windows 2, but Microsoft released Excel for Windows 2.05, not long after it released a version for the Mac. Lotus ignored Windows and didn't bother to create a Windows-based version. And when it did create one, 1-2-3 didn't take advantage of the Windows GUI. Windows 3.0 came along, Excel began outselling 1-2-3, and Microsoft delivered the coup de grace when Excel was folded into Microsoft Office.

Lotus hasn't been the only victim of Microsoft coming to a market late, then ultimately monopolizing it. WordPerfect was once the dominant word processor. Harvard Graphics was once the dominant presentation program. And once upon a time, Netscape was the browser that everyone used.

As all that makes clear, Microsoft may not be the world's greatest innovator but it is brilliant at targeting existing or rising markets, and ultimately dominating them. And that's what I believe it will ultimately do with netbooks.

As I've written previously, Microsoft is worried about Linux's approximately 30 percent market share of netbook sales for two reasons. First is that the netbook market is growing dramatically. Second is that if people get used to Linux on netbooks, they may consider buying Linux-based desktops.

Because of that, it designed Windows 7 to be a Linux-killer. It's lightweight enough to run on netbooks, and will have touchscreen capabilities, which is ideal for netbooks because their keyboards are so small. ASUS has already announced Windows 7 versions, including one with a touchscreen.

That's just the beginning. When Windows 7 hits, Microsoft will spend enormous amounts of money promoting Windows 7 netbooks, and probably ensure that Windows 7 netbooks have capabilities that Linux ones don't.

Because no company owns Linux, there will be no competing marketing for Linux netbooks. The inevitable will happen as it did with 1-2-3, WordPerfect, and all the others --- over time, Linux netbook sales will decline, and Windows 7 netbook sales will soar.

I don't expect Linux netbook sales to disappear. There will always be a niche for Linux netbooks. But within a year of the launch of Windows 7, their sales will have fallen significantly. Between now and the launch of Windows 7 will be the high point for Linux netbook sales. After that will come the slow but inevitable decline.

Preston Gralla is a contributing editor for Computerworld, and the author of more than 35 books.

What People Are Saying

It's not just about the netbooks.

It's about embedded applications in devices, cell phones, servers, desktops, and laptop computers.

Microsoft doesn't have the resources to keep battling a FREE OS on all these fronts, and also take on Google and OpenOffice and iPods. Microsoft may battle Linux off the netbook front this year, only to have ARM-based netbooks (for which MS has NO competition) bring Linux back in force next year. Microsoft may wrestle Linux off the desktop this year, only to have economic depression bring it back to popularity next year. Microsoft can't eliminate Linux by driving it out of business. It gets better and stronger every year, even as MS spends billions trying to eliminate it from the face of the Earth.

The Microsoft monolith is crumbling under its own weight. It takes Linux distros a year to update versions. It takes MS three to nine years to do the same. Microsoft is falling behind. It tries to compete in too many areas, and it requires a monopoly position in every market in order to be profitable. That is not a sustainable business model.

Linux Lotus 123123

Um - you;ve missed the boat. Those of us who really like linux do so for its malleability, its ability to be changed and personalized, its unixness, its non-windowsness, and the lack of the 800 pound corporate gorilla on the block.
You can beef all day about MS Windows, and others will commiserate with you. You beef enough about linux, and someone is going to tell you to shut up and fix it if you don't like it.
There is only one "flavor" of Windows, and if you don't like it tuff. With Linux, there is something for everyone. From fluff installations on netbooks, to supercomputers, Linux fits. There are tons of tools, programs and flavors. It is community driven. Its habitual users don't use it because there is no other choice, they use it because they want to. It is usable to work, to play, to geek, to experement, to rebuild. There are no hidden fees (notebooks that come with MS office (but with a three month trial license that makes you buy a full version in 90 days)).
Are there occasional problems, heck yes, are there problems with Windows (oh, heck yes). "There is no support for Linux". When is the last time you were able to call Microsoft and get personal about a problem you were having? Never. You search the web and forums, just like Linux, or go buy a book. The number of free books, articles, and support for Linux outstrips MS at every turn.
Yes, I use Windows, and ussually I dual boot, as I work in a Windows environment at work. But left to my own devices, on my machines, it is open source all the way. I have given WAY too much money to MS over the years, and intend to give as little as possible hence forth.
Later
A Penguinista

What about Android on netbooks?

I'm curious what people think about Android's potential for being the game-changer in the netbook market.

I speculate that netbooks will be the convergence point between laptops and smartphones. That is to say, netbooks will inherit traits from both. Let's face it, some smartphones can do quite a lot these days. The main reasons they cannot replace laptops: screen and keyboard size, cpu and ram limitations. Netbooks fill that niche nicely.

So, here comes Android. It's very light on resources. It's open source. It's integrated with Google services. It's got a good first showing of apps. So, maybe in a year or two we'll see the first Android netbook. By then the platform will be more mature, more feature-complete, and sport many more apps.

Android also has some serious advantages over traditional Linux distributions. Specifically, it has a single stable API for developers, as well as stable hardware specs for device manufacturers and device driver writers. It's Linux, without the fragmentation.

Also, if Microsoft is betting on 'cloud computing' with Windows 7, it's pretty-much over. Google's already got the best cloud, and with Android, they finally have a way to integrate it into devices. Game over.

Linux needs to provide usability

Quite a while ago I was looking for an alternative to Windows, but what I definitely wanted was a tablet. It is
much easier to use a stylus and point rather than a trackball, mouse, or any other option. The problem was only Windows supplied the software to run the tablet PC's that were available. Reluctantly, this meant I had to run XP with the tablet software available. Now we have Netbooks which I am interested in, but still only Windows (7) is looking into providing tablet like features. If a Linux distribution would provide these features, I would be more than happy to use it, but it looks like this is still not happening. :(

what happened?

Preston,
You stated,
"So what happened? How did Excel become completely dominant, while Lotus 1-2-3 lost its entire market?"

Excel became dominant through underhanded and illegal business tactics by a corporation dead bent on ruling the world. They were tried in a court of law and found guilty in a federal court. Fortunately for them, they were able to mostly get away with it due to a "change" in U.S. administration and a subsequent "change" in the judge assigned to the case. Can you say "criminal activity"? Read on...

http://www.justice.gov/atr/cases/f3800/msjudgex.htm

I wonder how this would play out today?
The European Union seems to understand all too well.

The future of Linux

One has only to experience Linux and the freedom of FOSS to understand what the benefits truly are. There is just no comparison at all...

- Linux is built to solve IT problems. It is infinitely scalable and usable without any license fee. It is a sea of wealth... A tsunami of technology and understanding to share and use as you see fit. You can rule the IT world with it. If you don't believe this then just ask Google!

- Windows is a business model designed to feed money to a large proprietary corporation. It is as limited and restrictive as bottled water. I could say more.

The more people know about Linux the more difficult it will be for Microsoft.

Now what was that you were saying about the downfall of Linux? Think again my friend.

Unlike M$ now... MultiPlan didn't suck!

And my copy of MultiPlan is actually *fast* and I don't need to swap floppies! It came standard in ROM on every Tandy 200 laptop, which I purchased closeout back in '89 at Radio Shack (back when RS didn't suck) and still use it today. Why? Because it still works!

OpenOffice opens the SYLK format files better than Micro$oft (weird, ain't it?) so I have a usable path for "modernizing" any spreadsheets I make on my "Model 'T'" as they're affectionately known by the still thriving community that uses these laptops... and no laptop (no, not even the netbooks) run 16 hours on 4 AA batteries, boot instantly, and have a keyboard I can type 110wpm on.

For those who think I'm full of condensed milk: http://www.club100.org/ - stop by, have a cuppa joe, and don't forget to tell Rick that the "Merch" sent ya!

Oh, and for all of us veterans: Happy Veterans Day!

Multiplan

Back in 1985, when I was considering buying my newspaper, I did all the financial planning as well as the business plan I presented to the bank, using a spreadsheet on the Coleco Adam. After we bought the paper, and began using Macs, in the Mac Plus and Mac SE days, we kept our financial record and sales records on Multiplan. It was great. Within the year, I bought a Tandy 100 and a Tandy 200, and were able to send SYLK files back and forth, just like Merch still does.

Vaporware

Comparing Windows 7 and Linux, vaporware and reality. How about telling me how Vista is going to dominate, at least I can purchase Vista.

Microsoft is capable of learning. The days where they can dictate what goes on the desktop are over. Open Source delivers a choice.

Have you taken a look at Firefox lately? It's not just Linux users that are downloading it.

Bundled products, that are inferior, eventually drag down the operating system and the bottom line.

Even the mighty fall...

Funny you would compare Linux to what was, at one time, the dominant spreadsheet application. Are you trying to infer that Linux is the player to beat these days? I think that's rather telling.

Time for some perspective...

There were points in time when giants like AOL ruled the Internet, IBM owned the computer market, Atari dominated the videogame scene, every phone call was made on a Bell line, and Ford was the number one auto maker.

But times change. And sometimes the mighty fall, and fall hard.

The reality is that open source is the future - and closed source business models will simply not be sustainable in the face of such rapidly improving competition.

Linux will continue to gain market share, slowly and steadily, as it has been for years. And there's nothing that even a giant like Microsoft can do or say that will change that.

Do you ever feel, Preston, that you're often fighting a losing battle here?